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Welcome. The following is a compilation of Abstract Appeal's posts from 2004 regarding the Terri Schiavo saga.

The left column contains links to other Abstract Appeal pages, including the blog's main page and Schiavo post compilation pages for 2003 and 2005.

For those looking for "highlights" of a sort, I've also created this page, which contains links to some of my more popular Schiavo posts.






Wednesday, January 07, 2004

 
Schiavo News. News in the Terri Schiavo case has been rare of late, as everyone waits for the Second District to resolve the appeals concerning venue and jurisdiction in the constitutional case. Today, though, the St. Pete Times reports here that Terri's parents have requested that a new guardian be appointed for Terri, that Jay Wolfson (who was previously appointed as a special guardian ad litem) be appointed to determine if Terri's marriage to Michael Schiavo can be dissolved, and that Wolfson be permitted to oversee swallowing tests to determine whether Terri can eat on her own.


Thursday, January 08, 2004

 
Schiavo News. I have received confirmation that Judge Baird has rotated from Pinellas County's civil bench to its criminal bench. His caseload has accordingly been transferred to the judge who now occupies Judge Baird's former civil chambers, Judge Nelly Khouzam. I do not know yet if Judge Baird has taken any special steps to retain the Schiavo constitutional challenge for purposes of ruling on the pending motions. I suppose we'll learn that soon enough.

 
More Schiavo News. Though I still do not know whether Judge Baird has kept the Schiavo case, it may do some good to point out that changes in judicial assignments are a normal part of the administration of justice. There are numerous sections in the Sixth Circuit's judicial system -- civil, criminal, probate, family, and appellate are the major ones. Judges routinely rotate through the sections. Some might say this is a good thing because it helps keep the judges from getting "burned out" on a particular subject matter. If you have ever been involved in a family law case, you can probably imagine what it would be like to be the judge in such cases every day for years. Change is good.

Judicial assignments are made by the circuit's chief judge. Here in the Sixth Circuit (Pinellas and Pasco Counties), that person is Chief Judge David Demers. Looking at the Sixth Circuit's web site, it looks as if Judge Khouzam's assignment to section 20 in place of Judge Baird was ordered back in August. Check out this administrative order from Judge Demers. If you are wondering how you can know that Judge Baird was previously assigned to section 20, check out any order he released in the Schiavo case (such as this one). You'll see that the case number at the top of the first page ends in "-20." That's the section number.

So, for those wondering if some member of the executive or legislative branch ordered a change for political reasons, rest assured that has not happened. This change was ordered back in August by the chief judge. Besides, there is a strong chance that Judge Baird has kept the Schiavo case, given its posture and his announced readiness to rule on the pending summary judgment motion.



Monday, January 12, 2004

 
Schiavo News. A fast-approaching move in early February left me cleaning, packing, and doing all sorts of related activities at home this weekend, far from the blogosphere. So while yesterday's Florida papers ran this story from the AP concerning the Terri Schiavo saga, I didn't link or talk about it.

I now have a chance. A reader wrote in this morning and asked if the story correctly mentions the "presumptively unconstitutional" remark as coming from the Second District, rather than just Judge Baird. In short, the answer is a qualified yes.

Let me back up. A few weeks ago, Governor Bush filed a motion with Chief Judge Demers to have a guardian ad litem again appointed to advise the Governor on Terri. Late last week, Chief Judge Demers denied the motion. You can read that order here.

In denying the Governor's motion, Judge Demers explained that he had already appointed a guardian ad litem once and that the guardian ad litem's report had been delivered to the Governor, as required by the new law being challenged in the Schiavo case. Judge Demers also explained that, since he first appointed the guardian ad litem, the Second District has held that the law at issue is "presumptively unconstitutional." Based on that holding, Judge Demers concluded that the reappointment motion should be denied without prejudice to it being raised again if the law is ultimately found constitutional. In other words, before even considering whether to appoint a guardian ad litem again, Judge Demers is going to wait to see if the law survives Michael Schiavo's constitutional challenge.

So, did the Second District really say that the law is presumptively unconstitutional? In a way, the appellate court did, though the context was a bit different. In this decision, the Second District found no basis to disqualify Judge Baird for having commented on what he called the law's presumptive unconstitutionality. The appellate court even appeared to agree with Judge Baird's statement, saying that it had support in the Second District's earlier decisions involving the Schiavo saga and in controlling Florida case law. The court made clear, however, that while the new law permitting the Governor to order Terri's feeding tube reinserted impinges on Terri's fundmental right to privacy, this does not mean that law is actually unconstitutional. What it means is that the burden now shifts to the state to prove that the impingement is constitutionally permissible; otherwise, the law will be found unconstitutional. That's what is meant by calling the law "presumptively" unconstitutional.



Wednesday, January 21, 2004

 
Schiavo News. Yesterday, Governor Bush told the Second District that, to defend Michael Schiavo's constitutional challenge to the new law that allowed the Governor to order Terri's feeding tube reinserted, he needs to investigate various aspects of the Schiavo case's history. The Governor is appealing Judge Baird's decision not to permit the discovery the Governor requests, which includes deposing Michael Schiavo and others. Today's Tampa Tribune has the story here.


Wednesday, February 04, 2004

 
Schiavo News
A bill prompted by the Terri Schiavo saga has hit a bump in the legislative road. The St. Pete Times reports here that this bill, which would establish a presumption that an incapacitated person does not want a feeding tube removed absent specific directions to the contrary, involves too many unanswered questions for some at this point.


Tuesday, February 10, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Senate President Jim King regrets bowing to pressure and helping pass what has come to be known as "Terri's Law." Read about it here in today's St. Pete Times.


Friday, February 13, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Today, the Second District entered an order quashing the protective order Judge Baird previously issued in the Schiavo case. The protective order prohibited Governor Bush from taking seven deposition, including the deposition of Michael Schiavo. The Second District's decision, available here, determined that Judge Baird could not prohibit the Governor from taking the depositions unless the trial court first resolved two issues: first, whether there are fact-based aspects to Michael Schiavo's constitutional challenges that may require discovery, and, second, whether the Governor is or is not precluded from relitigating facts and issues that were resolved in the earlier cases between Michael and the Schindlers. The Second District found it unclear that the trial court had resolved either issue.

What this appears to mean is that the issues surrounding discovery in the case and any possible protective order limiting discovery will need to be addressed again, and in greater detail, by Judge Baird. Anticipating that a new protective order might be entered and appealed, the Second District concluded its opinion by requiring Judge Baird to include in any such order all findings of fact and conclusions of law that support the decision.


 
More Schiavo News
The Second District today also reversed Judge Baird's order denying the Schindlers' motion to intervene in the suit between Michael Schiavo and Governor Bush. The suit is over the constitutionality of the law that permitted the Governor to order Terri's feeding tube restored. Recall that Michael has not sued Terri's parents in that case. When the Schindlers moved to intervene in the matter, Judge Baird denied the Schindlers' motion, instead allowing them to participate as amici curiae ("friends of the court"). The significance of that ruling was that the Schindlers would not be parties and could not control the litigation as parties could, though they would be permitted to offer arguments to the court on how the case's issues should be resolved.

In today's decision, available here, the Second District held that it could not tell from Judge Baird's order whether he applied the proper legal test to resolve a motion to intervene. Thus, without suggesting how the intervention motion should ultimately be decided, the appellate court reversed Judge Baird's decision and remanded for further consideration of the issue.

The bottom line here appears to be that Judge Baird will again have to rule on the Schindlers' motion to intervene -- this time in more detail.


 
And More Schiavo News
The Associated Press has thus far released two stories on this morning's decisions in the Schiavo case. They are available here and here. Both stories contain the following line:

The 2nd District Court of Appeal ruled that Bush's attorneys will be allowed to question witnesses in the court battle over a law that gave the governor authority to reinsert Terri Schiavo's feeding tube after her husband had it removed in October.
With all due respect to the AP, I do not agree. As I discussed in the post below, the Second District held that Judge Baird failed to address two issues that are fundamental to determining whether Governor Bush may properly be precluded from deposing the witnesses he wishes to depose: namely, whether any facts are material to the constitutional challenges before the court and whether Governor Bush is precluded from litigating any particular issues because they were resolved in the earlier litigation between Michael Schiavo and the Schindlers.

With regard to what I will loosely call the "relitigation" issue, the Second District's opinion today specifically explained that a protective order may be appropriate if Michael Schiavo's position is correct and may be inappropriate if the Governor's position is correct. The court explained:

If one accepted the argument of Mr. Schiavo's counsel that those facts were not properly the subject of discovery in the declaratory judgment action because they had already been finally adjudicated in the guardianship proceeding, it is arguable that taking depositions to inquire into such matters could be unduly burdensome, annoying, or oppressive. On the other hand, if one accepted the position of the Governor's counsel that the Governor is not bound by the adjudicated facts in the guardianship proceeding, it is arguable that the Governor could be denied his right to pursue discovery he believes is necessary for him to support his defense of the constitutionality of the statute.
So whether the Governor will be able to conduct the discovery he wishes to conduct will turn on decisions that Judge Baird has not yet made. Once they are made, it seems fairly likely that the matter will be appealed again by whoever disagrees with the judge's decision. So this part of the case seems a long way from being over.



Monday, February 16, 2004

 
Schiavo News
The AP has this update on the current legislative effort to address end-of-life issues like the situation in Terri's case.


Friday, March 05, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Following last month's ruling by the Second District that Judge Baird did not provide enough analysis in his order denying the Schindlers' motion to intervene in Michael Schiavo's constitutional challenge, the Schindlers have apparently renewed their motion. Read about it here in today's Sun-Sentinel. For more on the Second District's decision, see this earlier Abstract Appeal post, and to read that decision, look here.


Saturday, March 27, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Today's Sun-Sentinel has an update on a hearing held yesterday before Judge Greer in the Schiavo saga. According to the story, available here, Judge Greer is contemplating further hearings to detemine whether Michael Schiavo is violating a court order to share information on Terri's condition with her parents.


Tuesday, March 30, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Terri Schiavo was taken to a hospital yesterday because of puncture wounds in her arm, according to this story in today's St. Pete Times. At the moment, the source of the wounds is apparently unknown.

 
Schiavo News
The AP has the latest news in the Schiavo case here. The report covers two fronts. First, the cause of the puncture marks recently discovered on Terri's arms is still unknown. Second, and this isn't entirely clear to me, it appears Judge Greer yesterday denied a request by the Schindlers for further, perhaps evidentiary, hearings on the issue of whether Michael Schiavo should be held in contempt for failing to share information on Terri's condition with her parents. Such sharing is required by a longstanding court order.


Wednesday, March 31, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Today's St. Pete Times has this update on Terri Schiavo's arm wounds. Apparently, the source of the wounds is still unknown.

More Schiavo news to come later this morning…


 
More Schiavo News
As some of you know, or could guess, moving to a new place and a very busy work schedule the past two months have made it tough for me to follow the trial court proceedings in the Schiavo matter. I'm going to try to catch up and provide some explanations on what seems to be going on.

We've had news recently on two fronts, one involving the Schindlers' motion to intervene before Judge Baird, and the other involving the Schindlers' motion asking Judge Greer to find Michael Schiavo in contempt of court. The Schindlers lost both motions. This post will address the latter item.


Here goes:

Back in 1996, Judge Penick entered an order in the guardianship proceedings that, among other things, required Michael Schiavo (1) to notify any nursing home caring for Terri that he has no objection to the nursing home discussing Terri's condition with the Schindlers, and (2) to inform the Schindlers of any "significant changes" in Terri's medical condition. You can read that order here.

Last month, the Schindlers filed a motion asking Judge Greer (who now has the guardianship case) to find Michael Schiavo in contempt of court for failing to comply with the 1996 order. The motion, which is available here, relates the following: (1) Michael has not given the Schindlers a written notification from him to the nursing home where Terri currently resides saying that the caregivers there may speak with the Schindlers; (2) on February 14 and 15, 2004, Terri vomited; and (3) Mary Schindler was told by Terri's nurses and physician that Michael will not permit them to discuss Terri's condition with her. The motion concludes by requesting that Michael Schiavo be held in contempt of court. The motion is signed by Mary Schindler, who swore its facts to be true, and the Schindlers' attorney, Pat Anderson.

A Florida judge has the inherent authority to punish persons , typically through imprisonment, for contumacious actions committed either within or outside the judge's presence. Contumacious acts are those that offend the authority of the court or interfere with the administration of justice.

Where a contumacious act occurs in the actual presence of the judge, and as a result the judge has firsthand knowledge of it, the form of contempt is referred to as direct contempt. Where the action takes place outside the judge's presence, and therefore the judge must determine that the supposedly contumacious act in fact took place, the form of contempt is referred to as indirect contempt.

Contempt is always serious. Where the point of a contempt proceeding is to punish a person (as opposed to getting the person to comply with an order), the offense is generally considered criminal contempt, and the same sort of protections that apply to an accused in a criminal case generally apply to the alleged contemnor.

Here, the Schindlers asked that Michael be found in criminal contempt -- they asked to have him punished. Typically, that means jail.

To help ensure that an accused, like Michael, receives due process, Florida's Rules of Criminal Procedure set out the procedure for handling criminal contempt proceedings. The proceeding begins when a judge issues what is called an order to show cause, and Rule 3.840(a) has this to say about when such orders may be entered:

The judge, on the judge's own motion or on affidavit of any person having knowledge of the facts, may issue and sign an order directed to the defendant, stating the essential facts constituting the criminal contempt charged and requiring the defendant to appear before the court to show cause why the defendant should not be held in contempt of court.
Under this rule, a criminal contempt proceeding may begin when the judge acts either on his or her own motion or on the testimony of any person. As if the emphasized language isn't clear enough, in the case of a person's testimony, Florida case law requires that the testimony be sworn and that the witness have personal knowledge of the facts.

Judge Greer denied the Schindlers' motion, and you can read that order here. The order states that affidavits were submitted to the court by Mary Schindler and Heidi Law, and neither affidvait relates facts, based on personal knowledge, showing that Michael Schiavo violated the 1996 order.

Did Judge Greer get that right? I don't know. The judge refers to two affidavits -- a March 23, 2004 affidavit by Mary Schindler and an affidavit by Heidi Law. I have not seen either document. If anyone has copies of them or, better, links to them, please let me know. In the meantime, I can offer two comments: the sworn motion that Mary Schindler signed does not appear to satisfy the rule's requirements, and the judge's reason for denying the Schindlers' motion is certainly a valid one under the law.

So that's the scoop, from my perspective.


 
Still More Schiavo News
A reader has emailed me links to Mary Schindler's affidavit (here) and Heidi Law's affidavit (here). I now understand Judge Greer's decision.

Update: The Heidi Law affidavit referenced above was apparently not the one used in connection with the contempt motion. This one was. (And, yes, I still see why the judge ruled what he did.)


 
Still More Schiavo News, Part II
The blitz of Schiavo-related posts today wouldn't be complete without linking this story from today's Tampa Tribune.


Thursday, April 01, 2004

 
Schiavo-Related News?
I'm not sure if the Dr. William Hammesfahr who is the subject of this decision from the Second District is the same doctor well known to those who support Terri Schiavo's parents. Perhaps he is.


Friday, April 02, 2004

 
Schiavo News
On Wednesday, a reader emailed me links to affidavits by Mary Schindler and Heidi Law, and I posted them here. Now the helpful reader has emailed again, letting me know that Heidi Law swore a second affidavit, and it was this second one, not the first, that was used in connection with the Schindlers' contempt motion. The second affidavit is available here. I've updated the earlier post, too.




Tuesday, April 20, 2004

 
Schiavo News
The AP has this update on the Schiavo saga. Judge Baird held a hearing yesterday to decide whether Governor Bush's attorneys should be able to question Michael Schiavo about his motives in wanting his wife's feeding tube disconnected. Michael takes the position that such matters are irrelevant to his constitutional challenge to the law that permitted the Governor to order Terri's feeding tube reconnected. The Governor apparently believes Michael's motives are "central" to the case. The court took the matter under advisement.


Friday, April 23, 2004

 
Schiavo News
The Terri Schiavo saga is about to pick up steam, again. The Second District has just issued its latest opinion in this series of cases. The decision, which you can read here, rejects Governor Bush's efforts to dismiss Michael Schiavo's pending constitutional challenge on procedural grounds.

Let me back up. You may recall that, last year, the Florida Legislature passed a law that permitted the Governor to order Terri's feeding tube reinserted. The Governor did so, and Michael Schiavo immediately sued the Governor in Pinellas County circuit court to declare that law unconstitutional. The Governor argued that the case should be dismissed for two reasons. First, the Governor argued that he had not been properly served with the suit papers. Second, the Governor argued that the suit was improperly brought in Terri's home county (Pinellas) and should have been brought in his home county (Leon).

Judge Baird rejected the service of process argument because the Governor's attorney appeared in the case on the day it was filed and argued on the Governor's behalf without ever raising an issue about service. Judge Baird thus found the service issue was waived.

Judge Baird rejected the venue argument because, while state actors are supposed to be sued in their home counties, there is an exception when the state actor has affirmatively taken action against the plaintiff in another county and the plaintiff sues there to defend against that action. This exception is called the "sword-wielder doctrine," and the idea is that where the state wields its power against you like a sword, you may sue where you have been affected and not have to travel to the state actor's home county to sue. Judge Baird found that ordering Terri's feeding tube reinserted fell within the sword wielder doctrine and thus venue in Pinellas County was appropriate for Michael's constitutional challenge.

In today's opinion, the Second District agreed on both points and affirmed Judge Baird's decisions.

You may recall that the trial court case has continued, to a point, while Governor Bush pursued his appeal of the service of process and venue decisions. Judge Baird has heard Michael Schiavo's motion for summary judgment in the case but decided to wait for the Second District to rule on the procedural challenges before announcing his decision. This was prudent -- had the Second District decided that Judge Baird lacked jurisdiction over the Governor or that the case should be tried in Tallahassee, then it would be pointless for Judge Baird to have addressed the merits of the case. Now, however, the Governor's challenges have been addressed and resolved in favor of the case remaining with Judge Baird. He is free to rule.

Expect to hear Judge Baird's decision on the summary judgment motion soon.



Saturday, April 24, 2004

 
Schiavo News: A Little Help With the Lingo
A reader recently asked me to explain some commonly used legal terms. Because other nonlawyers may wonder what these terms mean, and because they have all been used on Abstract Appeal in the course of discussing the Terri Schiavo saga, I thought I would post my responses on the blog:

"with or without prejudice" -- These terms are used to describe whether a judicial decision is binding with regard to the merits of a legal issue. When a case is resolved without reaching the merits of a question, the court will make its decision "without prejudice" to the person's ability to raise that question in another proceeding. When a case is resolved by deciding its merits, the decision is said to be "with prejudice," and it will be binding on the court that made the decision and all lower courts. A nonlegal example of a decision without prejudice might be if you need to request time off from work and your employer requires you to use a specific form, which you do not use. The employer might reject the request, but not because you cannot have the time off -- because you did not use the right form. Get the right form, and try again. If your request is then denied, it might be thought of as being denied "with prejudice," meaning the merits of the issue you raised have been resolved and will not be revisited.

"res judicata" -- This is a somewhat complicated legal doctrine that civil procedure professors in law schools spend many classes discussing in detail, and its application under Florida law differs in important respects from its application under federal law. Still, in most cases, the meaning of res judicata can be reduced to the notion of "with prejudice" described above: when a court has ruled on the merits of a dispute involving particular parties, the court's decision is binding on those parties, unless it is overruled by a higher court. The decision is said to be res judicata, and it cannot be relitigated.

"writ of certiorari" -- This is a term that is often used very loosely by lawyers and judges. A writ of certiorari is a particular type of order that certain courts are authorized to issue under certain circumstances. It is always issued to a lower court with regard to a particular decision made by that lower court, and it functions by undoing that particular decision. It is procedurally different from an appeal, but the point is the same from the standpoint of the person petitioning for the writ: you want a higher court to reverse a lower court's decision. If you read legal sites like Abstract Appeal, you will somewhat regularly hear about parties requesting (or, more accurately put, "petitioning for") a writ of certiorari, or "cert." In Florida, certiorari petitions are most often used to obtain relief while a case is still going on in a trial court, before the final appeal. In the federal realm, you most often hear about certiorari petitions in the context of final appeals to the United States Supreme Court, which grants the writ when it decides to hear a case.

"amicus curiae" -- This is a Latin term for "friend of the court." It is a status given to a person whom the court permits to make arguments regarding a legal issue in a case, though almost never a factual issue, even though that person is not a party in the case. Amicus curiae briefs are most often seen in appellate courts, where persons who may later be bound by a particular decision attempt to help the court reach the "right" decision. Amici are not parties to a case. They cannot be held liable for anyone else's costs or fees and they cannot participate in fact discovery.

"intervene" -- A lawsuit typically involves people who sue (plaintiffs) and the people they sue (defendants). Sometimes other persons want to be involved in the case as parties. They can attempt to enter a lawsuit, either as another plaintiff or another defendant, by moving to intervene. There are strict legal requirements that apply to intervention. Whereas someone can often be accepted as an amicus curiae based on a very informal interest in a case, it is very difficult to meet the requirements to intervene as a party.

"estoppel" -- This is another somewhat complicated legal concept. In short, it refers to how the law prevents someone from raising a particular legal argument, either because that particular argument has already been decided for that person or because the person has acted in a way that would make it unfair for the argument to be entertained by a court.

"colorable" -- When used to describe a claim, colorable means plausible. It is a very low standard in the sense of merit. A colorable claim is one that may be valid or may not be, but it is at least not wholly frivolous.





Wednesday, April 28, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Today's St. Pete Times has this update on the disagreement between Terri's husband and her parents over visitation. Michael Schiavo has apparently prohibited visitation with Terri while police investigate strange needle-like marks found on her arms last month. Terri's parents have apparently filed a motion asking Judge Greer to order visitation.


Thursday, May 06, 2004

 
Schiavo News
This afternoon, the AP reported here that Judge Baird has declared "Terri's law" unconstitutional. According to the story, the judge ruled the law unconstitutional based on Terri's right to privacy and because it "delegated legislative power to the governor."

The ruling itself is available here (from Terri's Fight) and here (from FindLaw). I will offer some extensive thoughts on this order late tonight.



Friday, May 07, 2004

 
Schiavo News
I can tell from the emails sent in to Abstract Appeal since yesterday evening that folks out there are interested in numerous angles on Judge Baird's recent decision: what it says, what it means for Terri now, how it is affected by the pending guardianship proceedings, what happens next, etc. I will try to balance addressing these concerns in some detail with not creating a tome that is difficult to digest.

First, let's talk about where things are. Remember that there are two separate cases being litigated. The first is the guardianship case (discussed thoroughly on the Terri Schiavo Information Page). That's the case currently before Judge Greer, in which the court held a trial years ago to determine Terri's wishes and concluded, in February 2000, that Terri would not wish to continue receiving nurishment through a feeding tube in her present condition. That decision was upheld after numerous appeals by Terri's parents, who were (and remain) on the other side of Michael Schiavo in that case. That decision also withstood a second trial before the guardianship court, in which the Schindlers were given a chance in October 2002 to prove that some new medical technology or treatment had come along that, if Terri knew about, would make her change her mind about whether to continue receiving the feeding tube. The court found that nothing new would change Terri's mind. The Schindlers appealed that decision, but it was also upheld at every level. The guardianship case is still being litigated. Terri's parents are still persuing various means to disqualify Michael Schiavo as Terri's guardian. Unless those pursuits are successful, and thus far they have not been, they will have no bearing on the second case -- the constitutional challenge.

The constitutional challenge began last year, after the Legislature enacted what has come to be known as "Terri's Law." Despite the judicial branch's decisions that Terri would not want to receive a feeding tube in her condition, and the removal of that tube in accordance with Terri's judically-determined wishes, the new law authorized the Governor to order a feeding tube inserted into Terri or anyone else who met the law's very-Terri-like criteria. The law was in effect for only 15 days, and during that time, Governor Bush ordered Terri's tube reinserted. Michael Schiavo then challenged the Governor's actions and the new law as unconstitutional. That case was assigned to Judge Baird. It has gone on for over six months with various procedural issues receiving the most attention, but yesterday Judge Baird issued a ruling (available here) in favor of Michael Schiavo on the merits of his challenges. Judge Baird ruled Terri's Law unconstitutional.

Without regard to any particular constitutional right or requirement, there are two ways a law can be unconstitutional, and Judge Baird's order found Terri's Law unconstitutional under both. The first way is what lawyers refer to as "facial" unconstitutionality, as in "the law is unconstitutional on its face." Though the term might seem peculiar, it is quite accurate. It means that by just reading the law, without having to rely on how it operates in any particular case, you can tell that it necessarily conflicts with controlling constitutional principles and is therefore invalid.

Judge Baird found Terri's Law unconstitutional on its face based on two constitutional principles: separation of powers and the right of privacy. The separation of powers principle itself consists of multiple principles, one of which is that, simply put, the Legislature cannot give someone else unbridled discretion to do or not do something significant. Take, for instance, a driver's license. The Legislature could not enact a law that authorizes the motor vehicles department to give licenses out whenever the department feels like doing so, or to take licenses away whenever the department wishes. There must be standards that the executive branch person (or municipal person) must follow, or else the executive branch person making the decision has in effect become a mini-Legislature, making the law up as he or she goes.

Michael Schiavo argued that Terri's Law gave Governor Bush unbridled discretion regarding how to apply that law to any particular person. Judge Baird agreed.

The right of privacy is a constitutional right existing under both federal law and Florida law. Florida's courts have repeatedly held that the right under Florida law is more expansive, and more protecting of privacy, than the federal law. The right basically says that you have the right to be left alone from governmental intrusions into your private life. Now, that is a broad principle not easily applied in particular contexts, but here the task is a bit easier because the Florida Supreme Court has previously decided that Florida's right of privacy gives all Florida citizens the right to refuse medical treatment. That court has also determined that medical treatment includes the use of a feeding tube and that, where a person is too incapacitated to make or reveal a decision about medical treatment, another person can step in as the incapacitated person's proxy and determine what decision the incapacitated person would make.

Michael Schiavo argued that Terri's Law violated Terri's right of privacy. Now, that might seem like an odd argument, in the sense that Terri's Law was enacted because certain people believe she may not want to die, and thus it can seem strange to say that she cannot be kept alive as she would wish based on her own right to privacy. But that way of thinking sidesteps the proper legal analysis. Terri, like all Florida citizens, has a constitutional right to make up her own mind (or have another determine how she would make it up), and Terri's Law permits the Governor to order a feeding tube to be inserted or remain in place regardless of the individual's wishes. Importantly, the Governor did not disagree that, in this sense, the law intrudes on a person's right to privacy. The Governor argued, though, that the intrusion was a permissible one because it allowed him to protect a person's life. Judge Baird rejected that argument, relying on prior Florida Supreme Court case law to say that the state's interest in preserving life was not sufficient to ignore the individual's wishes regarding medical treatment.

The second way that a law can be unconstitutional is what lawyers refer to as an unconstitional application, as in "that law is unconstitutional as applied to my client." This occurs where a law may be facially constitutional because it can be constitutionally applied in some cases, but it cannot be constitutionally applied under the particular facts of the case before the court. Here, Michael Schiavo argued that Terri's Law was unconstitional as applied to Terri based on numerous constitutional principles, and Judge Baird agreed with regard to two of them.

The first "as applied" challenge ruled on by the judge was based on another separation of powers principle: the notion that the Legislature may not intrude into the judiciary's decisionmaking in a particular case. Judge Baird concluded that Terri's Law improperly amounted to a legislative overruling of the judiciary's final decision about Terri's wishes.

The second "as applied" challenge ruled on by the judge was based on the due process concept that legislation should not be retroactively applied to a situation where a person's rights have already vested. This can get a bit complicated, but the short of it is that where the law recognizes past events give you a certain right, that right cannot be taken away. Here, Michael Schiavo argued that Terri's decision about whether to receive a feeding tube had already been made and put into effect, and thus it was too late for the Legislature to pass a new law making that decision ineffective. Judge Baird agreed.


Stepping back from it all, I am a little surprised that Judge Baird's order was as short as it was. He did not address a handful of significant arguments that will need to be resolved in favor of Governor Bush if the Governor is ultimately to win this case. Judge Baird has apparently decided that he has addressed enough arguments to doom Terri's Law, and if he is wrong on all of them, then he can address the others later.

The news media have reported that Governor Bush immediately began the process of appealing Judge Baird's order. While the appeal proceeds, the status quo will remain in place, and Terri will continue to receive nurishment through her feeding tube.

The Governor's appeal will be to Florida's Second District Court of Appeal. Because the Florida Supreme Court is required under the Florida Constitution to review district court decisions declaring state statutes unconstitutional and permitted to review decisions declaring state statutes constitutional, it is possible that the Second District may immediately ask that court to review Judge Baird's decision now, eliminating one level of review and speeding up the appellate process. Either Michael Schiavo or Governor Bush might ask the Second District to do that, too. I will write more on this if it becomes an issue.

Suffice it to say, at this point, that this case could be decided by the Florida Supreme Court before it is over, but it appears unlikely that the case will ever go any further. The United States Supreme Court does not usually agree to hear cases that are very much based on state law, and nearly every legal principle at issue in this case is based on Florida's Constitution and other Florida law. It is not impossible that the case will be heard by the United States Supreme Court, and the odds of that court hearing the case certainly get better if Michael Schiavo loses in the Florida courts, but at this point it is probably most accurate, as guesses go, to guess that when Florida's courts are done with this case, the losing side will ask the United States Supreme Court to review it, and the nation's highest court will decline to do so.

Back to the present, Governor Bush is appealing Judge Baird's decision to the Second District. The briefing stage of that process will take months to complete. Expecting a decision from that court in 2004 would be extremely optimistic, and, of course, there will be further proceedings once the Second District has completed its work in the case. There is a long road ahead. I will continue to try to inform Abstract Appeal readers of what is happening without taking sides. Stay tuned.





Saturday, May 08, 2004

 
Dilemma
Over the course of the Terri Schiavo saga, I have at times wandered, virtually speaking, into the various sites and fora where well-intended folks are discussing, sometimes rather passionately, the events surrounding this case. I have done that quite a bit the last couple of days, and I must say, I am left in a quandary. Let me explain. As someone who devotes his life to studying and, in many senses, promoting the law, I always appreciate hearing how more casual legal observers view the law and the legal system, and yet it affects me when I see people embrace a legal view that, while sincerely held, is misinformed. I'm presently debating whether I can help things by trying to explain more of the legal concepts at issue here, and if so, which ones to focus on.



 
Schiavo News
The latest report on the Schiavo saga is available here, from the Tampa Tribune. The story discusses how Michael Schiavo's attorneys are unsure whether or when they might ask the courts to lift the automatic stay on Judge Baird's recent ruling. That ruling, discussed at length in this post, held "Terri's Law" unconstitutional and enjoined Governor Bush from taking any action under the authority of that law.


Monday, May 10, 2004

 
Schiavo Thoughts
I really appreciate the many emails I received over the weekend, encouraging me to explore further the misperceived legal issues in the Schiavo case. Some of you even made suggestions on what issues to examine. I've come to think I can do more good than harm by looking at the case in a bit more legal detail.

The risk, of course, is alienating or offending people who see certain legal views as "favoring" one side or another in the case. I will do my best to leave that risk unrealized.




 
Schiavo News
This weekend, I linked a news story about how Michael Schiavo's attorneys seem equivocal about whether they will at some point ask for the automatic stay to be lifted during the appeals process. After mulling it over for a couple of days, I still do not understand what basis exists to believe there is any chance the automatic stay could be lifted in this case.

Under Florida's appellate rules, public officers obtain an automatic stay of a lower court's order when they invoke a Florida court's appellate jurisdiction. There are various reasons for this, but suffice it to say that a stay generally serves the public interest by maintaining the status quo until the appellate court can review the decision being appealed. The lower court or the appellate court may vacate the automatic stay, but this will only happen upon request, and then only if the court deems that result to be just.

Assuming Governor Bush has a basis for invoking a Florida court's appellate jurisdiction in this case, whether the court be the Second District Court of Appeal or the Florida Supreme Court, it is difficult to believe that any court would grant a motion to vacate the automatic stay. Vacating the stay would render the appeal moot, since enforcing the trial court's order would, in short order, result in Terri's death. Expect the stay to stick around.



Wednesday, May 12, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Today's St. Pete Times has this story on the Schindlers' latest motion in the guardianship case. The motion seeks to compel Michael Schiavo to permit the Schindlers visitation with Terri. Michael has agreed to visitation, but since the incident in March where needle-type marks were found on Terri's arms, Michael has required that Terri's parents be accompanied by a security officer paid for by them.

The Terri's Fight site has posted a copy of the Schindlers' motion. It's available here. You will notice it is labeled an "emergency" motion. You may also notice that the accompanying Terri's Fight press release indicates that Judge Greer has already determined he will not treat the motion as an emergency motion.

That seems appropriate. What constitutes an emergency is generally a judgment call made on a case-by-case basis, but my experience has been that most courts will not consider something to be an emergency unless some substantial harm will occur if action on the matter is delayed. Florida appellate attorneys are probably familiar with the Eleventh Circuit's published standard for what constitutes an "emergency":
Except in capital cases in which execution has been scheduled, a motion will be treated as an emergency motion only when both of the following conditions are present:
1. The motion will be moot unless a ruling is obtained within seven calendar days; and
2. If the order sought to be reviewed is a district court order or action, the motion is being filed within seven calendar days of the filing of the district court order or action sought to be reviewed.
In other words, circumstances must be such that a week's delay will moot the issue, and the moving party must not have merely waited to file the motion until the week before mootness is about to occur.

Regarding the Schindlers, who wish to visit Terri without complying with Michael's demand for paid security, Judge Greer has apparently determined that no "emergency" exists. He will therefore hear the Schindlers' motion in the ordinary course.



Monday, May 17, 2004

 
Schiavo News
While I was busying myself this weekend with non-blog activities, the Terri Schiavo saga took a couple more steps forward. There were two developments.

First, the Clearwater Police Department wrapped up its investigation of the needle-like marks found in March on Terri's arms, concluding that the marks were of an unknown origin and that the evidence did not suggest they were the result of a crime.

Second, the Second District issued an order directing Michael Schiavo and Governor Bush to explain why the appeal in the constitutional challenge should not be immediately certified to the Florida Supreme Court.

Each development is interesting. You can read about them in this story in the St. Pete Times and this story from the Tampa Tribune. You can also read the Clearwater Police Department's press release here.

As for the investigation, you may recall that, since the marks were discovered, Michael Schiavo has not allowed the Schindlers to visit Terri without a guard present and paid for by them, and that the visitation disagreement has resulted in a motion by the Schindlers in the guardianship case to permit unsupervised visitation. Judge Greer is scheduled to hear that motion later this month. It seems much if not all of the motion could be mooted if Michael would begin allowing visitation now, but this story suggests that he has not yet changed his position against unsupervised visitation. I do not know Michael's reasons for continuing to demand only supervised visitation.

Regarding the Second District's order, this is an unusual step, generally speaking, but not one that was totally unforeseeable in this case. Florida's district courts of appeal can certify appeals of trial court decisions for immediate resolution by the Florida Supreme Court where a district court believes that the issues in the case are either of great public importance or have a great effect on the proper administration of justice throughout the state. The Second District has not done that, though -- at least not yet. Instead, the court has simply asked the parties to offer, within 10 days, any reasons why the case should not be certified. Whether the court will actually certify the case still remains to be seen.

Also, if the Second District certifies the case, that does not mean that the Florida Supreme Court must immediately hear the case. The Florida Supreme Court has complete discretion to determine whether hear a certified case, and that court has previously turned back efforts by the district courts to certify cases for immediate resolution.

So, what's changed? Nothing yet. We will wait until the parties' responses are submitted to the Second District and then see if a certification results. I will not be surprised with the result no matter what it is. There is no argument that the Schiavo constitutional case has a great effect on the proper administration of justice throughout the state. Thus, the issue boils down to whether the case is seen by both the district court and the supreme court as one involving "great public importance." That characteristic, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder.


 
More Schiavo News
The AP is reporting here that Michael Schiavo is continuing his policy of permitting the Schindlers to visit Terri only if they hire a guard to oversee their visits. According to the story, Michael believes the circumstances surrounding the marks found in Terri's arms back in March are suspicious enough, and the Schindlers prior conduct in videotaping Terri in violation of a court order was serious enough, to justify continuing the policy.

The Schindlers have filed a motion challenging Michael's visitation policies. That motion is scheduled to be heard by Judge Greer on May 26.



Thursday, May 20, 2004

 
Schiavo Thoughts
Someone recently asked me if I had any insight into how someone came up with a statement that 19 judges had ruled in favor of Michael Schiavo's request to withdraw Terri's feeding tube. I thought I'd share the pertinent portion of my response. It's a bit long and rather informal:


I would not make any sort of statement regarding how many judges have ruled in someone's favor in this case. There have been so many cases, so many issues, and the question of "what does lack of jurisdiction mean?" is so complex, that it is very difficult to say anything meaningful here in a concise way.

I'll try to show you why:

Judge Greer ruled in Michael's favor in the original decision on whether Terri would choose to keep or remove her feeding tube under her present circumstances. That ruling was upheld by a three-judge panel of the Second District (Judges Altenbernd, Parker, and Blue), and the Florida Supreme Court denied review (Justices Harding, Lewis, Pariente, Anstead, and Quince) for lack of jurisdiction. The decision that the court lacks jurisdiction to take the case is not one on the merits of the case, so I wouldn't count these five if you're talking about the merits of the case.

Next, Judge Quesada ruled in favor of the Schindlers when they sought to enjoin the removal of Terri's feeding tube, but the Second District (Judges Altenbernd, Parker, and Blue) effectively reversed that decision by ordering the case transferred to the guardianship proceeding before Judge Greer. I'm not sure what category the Second District's decision goes in, but Judge Quesada did not rule in Michael's favor.

Separately, Judge Greer ruled against the Schindlers when they sought relief from the earlier judgment. That decision was affirmed in part and reversed in part by the Second District (Judges Altenbernd, Parker, and Blue) in the appellate case that ordered the Judge Quesada case transferred, so I'm still not sure what category this decision goes in.

Next, Judge Greer ruled against the Schindlers on their motion for relief from judgment. That decision was reversed on appeal by the Second District (Judges Altenbernd, Parker, and Blue).

Next, Judge Greer held a trial and ruled against the Schindlers on the merits of their motion for relief from judgment. The Second District (Judges Altenbernd, Fulmer, and Stringer -- FYI: by now, Judge Parker had passed away and Judge Blue had retired to private practice) affirmed that decision, and the Florida Supreme Court (Justices Anstead, Wells, Lewis, Pariente, Quince, Cantero, and Bell) again denied review based on a lack of jurisdiction.

The Schindlers also filed two federal cases, one before Judge Lazzara and one before Judge Merryday. Both cases were dismissed on procedural grounds. As with the Florida Supreme Court's decisions, I do not consider those to be rulings in favor of Michael Schiavo on the merits of the feeding tube issue.

After Terri's law was passed, Michael's constitutional challenge landed before Judge Baird. He recently ruled that the law is unconstitutional.

Governor Bush filed an appeal during the constitutional challenge regarding some procedural issues, and he lost before the Second District (Judges Davis, Fulmer, and Wallace), but I don't see how that could count here. It had nothing to do with the merits of the constitutional challenge. Governor Bush also filed an original proceeding in the Second District regarding some discovery issues in the constitutional case, and he won (Judges Wallace, Fulmer, and Davis) but that didn't have anything to do with the merits of anything either. Governor Bush also filed an original proceeding in the Second District to disqualify Judge Baird, and the Second District rejected that petition (Judges Wallace, Fulmer, and Davis). That was arguably a win for Michael but it had nothing to do with the merits of the feeding tube issues or the constitutional challenge.

Separately, Terri's parents sought to intervene in the constitutional challenge. That motion was denied by Judge Baird, but on appeal the Second District (Judges Davis, Fulmer, and Wallace) reversed that order on the basis that specific findings needed to be made. That was sort of a win for Terri's parents, but a weak one since Judge Baird could reach the same result with more specific findings (as he later did), and in any event this had nothing to do with the merits of the feeding tube issue.

By my count, 6 judges ruled in Michael Schiavo's favor on the merits of the "what would Terri do?" issue -- Judges Greer, Altenbernd, Parker, Blue, Fulmer, and Stringer. One judge has ruled in Michael's favor on the constitutional challenge -- Judge Baird. Let me put this carefully: That's 7 judges who have directly determined, or upheld the merits of the decision, that Terri Schiavo would not wish to continue receiving her feeding tube under the present circumstances. Eight Florida Supreme Court justices ruled against getting involved in the case because the earlier decisions did not create a conflict in Florida's case law, and two federal judges decided they could not get involved in the case because the federal district courts have no ability to overrule state court decisions. Judges Wallace and Davis were involved in decisions that went for and against Michael, but those decisions had nothing to do with the merits of the feeding tube decision or the constitutional challenge.

So, we have 19 judges who at some point made rulings Michael Schiavo supported, but that's a very empty statement ...



Thursday, May 27, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Judge Greer held a hearing yesterday regarding the Schindlers' visitation concerns. You may recall that, for the last two months, Michael Schiavo has permitted them to visit Terri only if they are supervised, such as by a security officer paid for by them. The Schindlers have refused to agree to that condition and asked Judge Greer to overrule it.

According to this story in today's St. Pete Times, at the hearing, Judge Greer ruled that the Schindlers may have a 90-minute visit that "need not be supervised," and he will soon issue a full written order on the matter.

The story also indicates that the parties are now bickering over whether Judge Greer's temporary visitation order requires the 90-minute visit to be unsupervised or whether Michael could have someone else present to observe if he chooses.



Tuesday, June 01, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Well, this is more opinion than news. Below is an email I received today from a reader who wanted my reaction on an Internet petition to impeach Judge Greer. My response follows.

Reader Email:
I know that something similar like this was used to get to get Governor Bush involved in the Terri Schiavo case. Now, it appears they are going about it on a different route. Would a petition of this sort carry any weight into impeaching Judge Greer? and would you care to comment on any of the 30+ transgressions?

www.petitiononline.com/ijg520/petition.html
My response:
I will comment on how sad that petition is. Judge Greer is an honorable public servant who does not deserve such treatment.

Our judicial system utilizes a system of checks through the appellate process, and the bottom line is that Judge Greer's rulings have been repeatedly affirmed on appeal. Most of what I see in that list I do not think the Schindlers have argued in court, let alone on appeal, which says much about the merits of those allegations.

Some of those allegations are so legally baseless that they are amusing.

As for the points in the list that the Schindlers have previously raised on appeal, those arguments have been rejected, which definitively resolves their merits as nonexistent. In that sense, the petition may just as well name the Second District judges who affirmed Judge Greer's decisions and the Florida Supreme Court justices who found the Second District's decisions not to be in conflict with prior precedent. Judge Greer has not been a lone wolf here -- he has made his decisions, and all sides have had, and will continue to have, every chance to challenge his findings and conclusions on appeal.

I suppose the people who authored that petition and who support it are comforted by their actions, but that does not make their allegations of error and misconduct correct. I wonder if any of those persons has a law degree, with the education and training to opine on what constitutes a violation of the law or the canons of judicial conduct. I suspect I know the answer.

I understand your comment about Governor Bush, but he did not become involved in this case because of anything similar. He became involved because numerous persons asked him to do something, and he responded to those requests by advancing the bill that eventually became "Terri's Law." I have never heard Governor Bush state that Judge Greer has violated the law or the canons of judicial conduct in any way.

To answer your question about whether this will carry any weight, I am confident the answer is no. None whatsoever.

Let me clarify that all this does not mean that I believe Judge Greer has been correct in every decision he's made in this case. What it means is that his decisions have thus far been determined by higher courts to be consistent with the law of Florida. Attacking him -- with a petition for impeachment, no less -- is simply absurd.

How very sad. Thanks for sharing it with me, though. It's good to be aware of what's going on, even if it's depressing to hear.


 
Schiavo News
Today, the Second District entered an order sending the constitutional challenge to "Terri's Law" to the Florida Supreme Court. You can read the AP's report on the certification here. The order itself does not yet appear to be available online.

Let me try to explain what's going on. Michael Schiavo has sued Governor Bush over Terri's Law. Michael claims that Terri's Law is unconstitutional for numerous reasons, and last month, in this order, Judge Baird agreed with several of Michael's arguments. Judge Baird accordingly declared the law unconstitutional. The case was filed in the Pinellas County circuit court, and appeals from that court are generally heard by the Second District Court of Appeal, which is one of five such district courts geographically spread across Florida. Governor Bush appealed Judge Baird's decision to the Second District.

Florida's appellate rules permit a district court of appeal to send a case straight to the state supreme court when the district court believes the case to be of great public importance or to have a great effect on the proper administration of justice throughout the state. According to the AP story, the Second District today entered an order making exactly that sort of certification and citing both grounds.

Frankly, I am a bit surprised to hear that the Second District characterized the case as having a statewide effect on the proper administration of justice. As for the "great public importance" characterization, that trait is, as I have said before, like beauty -- its presence is wholly dependent on the eye of the beholder.

Importantly, while the Second District's order sends the case to the state supreme court, the high court need not keep the case. The Florida Supreme Court has complete discretion over whether to hear the case now or send it back to the Second District for a decision. In other words, the supreme court can decide that the case is not one of great public importance, or even if it is, the court can decide that it would like the Second District to decide the case at this time.

I'm not taking bets on how that turns out.

A couple more thoughts:

First, the AP story linked above indicates that the Second District's certification was the result of a motion by Michael Schiavo. I do not believe that to be correct. Instead, I believe that the Second District issued the certification on its own motion. Michael simply agreed with that course.

Second, the AP story also mentions that Governor Bush has filed a motion to halt the entire appellate process while Michael Schiavo's status as Terri's guardian is litigated in the separate guardianship case before Judge Greer. I suspect that the motion will either be denied as moot in the Second District, giving the Governor leave to refile it in the supreme court, or the motion will simply make its way to the supreme court. I also suspect that Michael Schiavo's opposition to that motion should be entertaining -- it will no doubt accuse the Governor of doing all he can to delay the final resolution of this case.

If I spot copies of these documents online, I will post links to them.



Friday, June 04, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Over the last few days, I have received a very interesting mix of reactions to my earlier post on the Internet petition to impeach Judge Greer. Some have been very complimentary, while others have accused me of defending an indefensible judge. I appreciate the folks who took the time to ask sincere questions about the situation, rather than simply to flame me on a message board somewhere.

It's a bit frustrating that some folks do not understand that I'm not actually defending Judge Greer's rulings or the propriety of him sitting on the Schiavo case. Ultimately, my point is that those are matters that can and should be addressed not in an impeachment proceeding but through the appellate process, where the decisions are in the hands of appellate judges. As I put it in an email I sent this morning to a reader:

Impeachment is a harsh and constitutionally important matter. It is intended to be a remedy for misconduct, not for mistakes in legal decisions or for having an unpopular philosophy. Legal mistakes or misjudgments should be corrected through the appellate process, and under no circumstances should a judge be impeached based on legal rulings that have been affirmed. Since our trial judges in Florida are elected, personality issues or philosophical concerns can be addressed at the ballot box.
I encourage everyone to take an interest in the law and have an opinion on it. That's part of the purpose of this web log -- to help inform people about what's going on in Florida law. I also encourage people to trust the legal system in Florida. It is filled with fine judges at all levels, and while mistakes are made, the system almost always corrects them.



Monday, June 07, 2004

 
Schiavo News
Well, I'm sure most persons interested in the Terri Schiavo saga have heard by now that, on Friday, Judge Greer entered an order that restored the Schindlers' ability to visit with Terri. You can read the order here, thanks to the folks at Terri's Fight, and you can read about the order in this story from the weekend's St. Pete Times.

For those who are only casually following this case, this most recent order was entered in the guardianship case, where Terri's parents and her husband continue to wrangle over Terri's care and her parents' ability to visit her without supervision. This order has nothing to do with the separate case involving "Terri's Law" and Michael's constitutional challenge to that law. That's a separate matter from the guardianship case.



Thursday, June 10, 2004

 
Schiavo News
You may recall from this earlier post that I've questioned the accuracy of a line found in recent AP stories on the Schiavo case. (They're offline now, but you can see the line's effect at the end of this story). Specifically, I thought the news service goofed in reporting that the Second District granted a motion by Michael Schiavo's attorneys to send the case to the Florida Supreme Court. I thought that instead the district court passed the case up the appellate ladder on its own motion and that Michael's attorneys simply agreed with that course.

I am happy to say I was correct. The Second District first addressed the "pass through" issue when it issued an order to show cause why the case should not be certified to the state supreme court. I have finally seen a copy of that order -- it is attached at the end of this document -- and it clearly shows that the court raised the issue, not Michael Schiavo.

If only the AP read this blog...



Wednesday, June 16, 2004

 
Schiavo News
The Florida Supreme Court has ruled that it will decide the constitutionality of "Terri's Law." In this order, issued today, a 4-3 divided court decided that it would accept the Second District's certification of the case as a matter of great public importance requiring immediate resolution by the high court.

As you probably know, Governor Bush is appealing Judge Baird's decision that the law, which authorized the Governor to reinsert Terri's feeding tube, is unconstitutional.

More on this later tonight.



Thursday, June 17, 2004

 
Schiavo News
I previously commented that I would not take any bets on whether the Florida Supreme Court would immediately hear the constitutional challenge to "Terri's Law." (Such as in this post.) The reason for my uncertainty was that the supreme court had complete discretion in whether to accept the certification: they could have decided that the case was not of such great public importance, or even if it is they could have decided that they just did not want to hear it, and sent it back to the Second District.

So it was no surprise to see a 4-3 vote in favor of keeping the case.

Practically speaking, the four-justice majority may have focused on its inevitable role in the case, as defined by Article V, section 3(b) of the Florida Constitution: if the case had been sent back to the Second District and that court had affirmed Judge Baird's ruling that Terri's Law is unconstitutional, then the state supreme court would have been required to review that decision; if the Second District had reversed Judge Baird's ruling, finding the law constitutional, then the supreme court would have had discretion to choose whether to review that decision. So the high court could have reviewed the case in either event, and certainly the more one believes the law is probably unconstitutional, the more one must acknowledge that supreme court review may be inevitable.

Is that line of thinking what produced the 4-3 vote? I doubt it. Sure, the justices were aware of the possibility that sending the case back to the Second District might be no more than a temporary reprieve from the matter, but that happens all of the time, with every constitutional challenge to a statute. Certifications such as the one here are rare, and the supreme court's acceptance of such certifications is even rarer still.

My guess is that the four justices voting to keep the case were ultimately persuaded by how much time has passed since the judicial effort to determine Terri's fate got underway, and how many judicial decisions have been required during that period. It has been six years since Michael Schiavo asked the circuit court to determine whether Terri would choose to continue receiving her feeding tube, and there have been many, many decisions at both the trial and appellate levels, with no finality yet in any direction. Another factor may have been the extraordinary nature of the events that led to Terri's Law being passed -- events at the highest levels of state government. Why not resolve the constitutional challenge at the judiciary's highest level at the earliest opportunity? Just a guess.